I've noticed when I lead photo tours that most people are not completely clear about the nuances of depth of field; specifically, when elements in a scene are beyond optical infinity (the closest point to the camera where the lens is focused on the infinity mark) they will be sharp at any aperture. In other words, with distant elements, if the chosen aperture is f/4 or f/22, the results will be the same in terms of depth of field. Only when a composition includes foreground elements is a small aperture required if complete DOF is required (notwithstanding focus stacking). For this sunrise shot of a famous S-curve driveway in Tuscany, I used f/4 because that enabled me to shoot with a fast enough shutter to avoid using a tripod. My settings were 1/250, f/4, 640 ISO, and the lens I used was a 24-105mm.
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