A number of years ago a client of mine had an albino barred owl. It couldn't be released to the wild because it would never survive. Its prey would see it coming from a long way off. Due to the albinism, one would expect that the eyes would be pink. In fact, though, they were brown. So, to change that (this is pre-Photoshop and pre-digital) and make this shot ultra-dramatic, I held the flash head an inch above the lens. The light then reflected back from the pupil and into the lens which created the look of 'red-eye'. Most photographers want to avoid red-eye, and do that with people in particular the flash has to be held off-camera far enough so the light from the flash reflects from the eyes to the opposite side of the camera and specifically not into the lens. In this case, I made the axis of the light parallel with the lens axis to achieve this look. I used a Metz 60 CT-4 flash held upside down with a bracket such that the flash head was just above the 250mm lens on my Mamiya RZ 67 II medium format film camera. I cropped the feet because they were held with leather straps -- jesses. Today I would photograph the entire bird and then clone out the unnatural restraints.
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